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Glossary (Fluid Flow)
 
Barometric Pressure - is the level of the atmospheric pressure above a perfect vacuum.

Bernoulli Theorem - is a means of expressing the application of the law of conservation of energy to the flow of fluids in a conduit.

Critical Flow - the maximum possible velocity of a compressible liquid through a pipe or an orifice is its sonic velocity.

Critical Pressure Ratio - is the pressure ratio of upstream pressure over downstream pressure capable of producing sonic velocity.

Darcy Formula - shows the relation of potential energy, kinetic energy, and loss of energy due to friction flow.

Flow Diameter - The diameter of an orifice that will pass a specific amount of air that is proportional to the square of the diameter  As an example a one micro-meter orifice will pass .01749 cubic centimeters of air per minute when the inlet pressure is 29.7 PSIA and the outlet pressure is 14.7 PSIA or less. .

Gas Constant - is 1544 divided by the molecular weight of the gas.
Gauge Pressure - is pressure measured above atmospheric pressure, while absolute pressure is pressure measured above perfect vacuum as a base.

Kinetic Energy - the energy of bodies of mass in motion; typical units of measure are mass and velocity. K.E. = ˝ mass x velocity squared.

Potential Energy - an energy form not directly associated with motion; chemical energy, compressed gas, or a body by virtue of its position is able to do work; units of measure are weight x height = foot – pounds or similar units of measure.

Specific Volume - is the reciprocal of the weight density.

Specific Gravity - of a liquid is the ratio of its weight density to that of water at 68°F. The specific gravity of gases is defined as the ratio of the molecular weight of the gas to that of air.
 
“Standard” Atmospheric Pressure - is 14.696 pounds per square inch, or 760 millimeters of mercury. 

Standard Conditions - are 68° (528°R) or 20°C (293°C).

Vacuum - usually expressed in inches of mercury, is the depression of pressure below the atmospheric level. Reference to vacuum conditions is often made by expressing the absolute pressure in inches of mercury; also millimeters of mercury and microns of mercury.

Weight Density - Specific weight of a substance is its weight per unit volume.

 
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